Careers focused on the economic aspects of agriculture, encompassing farm and rangeland management, agribusiness finance, international relations, supply chain management, and other functions that are essential for agricultural profitability. Professionals in this field manage farms and ranches of various scales and oversee agricultural finances, which are crucial functions for profitable and sustainable agricultural enterprises.

Example Programs of Study

• Agribusiness
• Agricultural Policy
• Agricultural Finance

Careers at the intersection of agriculture and technology, focusing on the design and operation of agricultural equipment and systems; repair and maintenance of agricultural equipment; and agricultural engineering, mechanics, and automation processes. This Sub-Cluster includes innovative farming methods such as precision, urban, and vertical farming to increase efficiency, productivity, and sustainability in agriculture.

Example Programs of Study

• Agricultural Technology
• Precision Agriculture
• Urban Farming
• Agricultural Mechanics

Careers that both promote the health and well-being of animals, including companion, livestock, and exotic animals, and facilitate the efficient production of animal-related products within the food system. For livestock and poultry, professionals in this field aim to optimize the production of meat, dairy, eggs, and other animal products. Careers in this field also include veterinary and other services to manage the care, breeding, behavior, enrichment, and management of animals. This Sub-Cluster also incorporates genetics, nutrition, biotechnology, and pharmaceuticals to improve animal welfare and production efficiency.     

Example Programs of Study

• Animal Nutrition
• Livestock Management
• Veterinary Science

Careers centered on applying scientific and technological principles to the development, enhancement, processing, and usability of agricultural food products. Professionals in this field work with fruit, vegetable, grain, and meat processing, ensuring that these products are nutritious and safe for consumption. This Sub-Cluster is crucial in maintaining quality control and nutritional value, enhancing product freshness, and meeting consumer and regulatory standards.

Example Programs of Study

• Food Science
• Meat Science
• Sustainable Food & Farming

Careers involving the study and management of plant growth, soil health, and pest management, focusing on sustainable crop production for both food and goods. This Sub-Cluster includes careers in agronomy, horticulture, timber and plant fiber harvesting, and soil science that are aimed at enhancing crop yields, preserving soil resources, and developing advanced production practices.

Example Programs of Study

• Horticulture
• Forestry
• Plant Science
• Floriculture

Careers centered on the effective management and use of water resources in agricultural settings, including precision irrigation, aquaculture, and fisheries. Professionals in this field are dedicated to maximizing water efficiency and productivity in farming operations to enhance crop yield and support sustainable fish farming practices.

Example Programs of Study

• Aquaculture
• Marine Biology

Examples intended to show potential alignment with currently existing state or local secondary or postsecondary programs of study and provide inspiration for the expansion and innovation of future programs. Please note that the programs of study mentioned in the Framework are purely illustrative, are not comprehensive, and may vary from state to state. States or local institutions are encouraged to demonstrate for learners which specific programs are offered instead.